Think Twice Before Cleaning Any of Your Coins

By Dr. R. S. Bart Bartanowicz, Coins Magazine March 03, 2010

Forrest Gump’s words rang in his head, “Stupid is as stupid does.” Our numismatist’s 1945 “micro S” Mercury dime had come back from the grading service as “cleaned.” The dime’s value had been greatly diminished by his less than artful cleaning.He remembered the day of his fateful mistake. The sun was shining, birds were singing and flowers were in bloom. Amid all this loveliness, he was sorting his coins.

He had quite a few Mercury dimes in two-by-two holders. Looking through them, the 1945 “micro S” dime literally leaped out at him.

He had forgotten about this purchase of many years ago. It was a gem coin that he had meant to send off to the grading service. Examining the dime, he was impressed by the luster and wonderful strike.

The only thing wrong was some dark “rim toning” from 3 to 6 o’clock. The toning was a genuine distraction to the rest of the coin.

Examining the coin through his loupe, he saw that the coin had never been cleaned as was evidenced by the luster and lack of hairlines. The dark bluish hue of the rim toning just did not sit well. Without the toning the coin would be stunning.

What to do was his quandary.

The toning would not impact the coin’s high grade, but it would have so much more eye appeal if it were totally white. In his head he heard voices saying “Clean the coin. Clean the coin.”

Cleaning any coin went against the advice he always dispensed to newcomers, which was:

“Don’t clean coins unless you’re willing to suffer the consequences from a botched cleaning.”

It was only a little toning and a quick little swish of a commercial coin cleaner would eliminate it. What could go wrong? To be safe he would experiment with a coin or two from his pocket change to make sure he had his technique down so as not to mar the luster or leave any hairlines.

He had cleaned coins in the past with a simple washing, such as his coffee can purchases of coins deposited in can and jars over the years. He seldom used commercial coin cleaning solutions unless the coins had been badly contaminated with dirt, grease, PVC slime/residue and other foreign matter.

These solutions had been used with inexpensive coins. He considered this to be conservation vs. letting the coins deteriorate due to surface contamination.

He used a cotton ball to apply the cleaner in a gentle blotting motion so as not to create swirl marks or hairlines. Still the toning seemed resistant and stubborn.

As he prepared to blot again he heard the voices: “A little more pressure and rub it just a tiny bit to remove it all.” Now other voices called out to him: “Don’t do it. Don’t do it.”

Snapping back to the present, our numismatist murmured, “just a little rub,” as he applied the cotton. He followed the cleaning with a quick rinse of the coin in water. The toning had disappeared and the coin look wonderful, but perhaps with a sense of foreboding he did not examine the coin under magnification.

Now, weeks later, he had the dreaded results. “Stupid is as stupid does.” He would, of course, be quiet about his failure. Had the coin come back without mention of the cleaning and in the grade he wanted he would have proclaimed himself to be a genius.

The moral to our story is that sometimes things are best left alone. With cleaning coins you need to know what you’re doing.

There are several things along the way one needs to consider before cleaning any coin. The first one is: Why do you want to clean the coin? If it’s because of toning, remember toning is a natural condition that should not affect the grade unless it is covering marks, blemishes etc. Secondly, can you stand looking at a botched job? For instance, a “pink coin” is not attractive. This has been known to happen with copper and bronze pieces.

Thirdly, can you afford to lose the value of your coin if it is damaged in the cleaning? Additionally, get all the advice you can. Discuss the cleaning with a dealer or fellow collector.

There are books that discuss the cleaning of coins and all the pitfalls. Getting educated will help.

Finally, if you have a coin that you are tempted to clean, consider selling or trading in the coin to someone who may appreciate it. There are collectors who actively seek attractively toned coins. This is the preferable route to ruining a coin’s numismatic value.

If after all this you are still intent on cleaning your coin do be careful. Try your cleaning technique on some coins from your pocket change.

Looking over the demographics of the hobby most of us are not chemistry majors. Cleaning, or better said conservation is best left to the professionals.

Before You Invest in Morgan Dollars, Consider These Points

By Susan Headley, About.com Guide

Morgan Dollars have become very popular as an investment vehicle for coin collectors because they cost a reasonable amount of money to buy, have performed very well in the past as an investment, and are beautiful to behold. But like any investment, you must do your homework first if you expect to come out ahead over dealer profits, inflation, rare coin appreciation in general, and knowing which specimens to buy in particular, to ensure that you don’t take a loss inctead.

Morgan Dollars in General

The first thing you need to keep in mind about Morgan Dollars is that specimens that grade below AU-50 are, as a rule, only worth their silver bullion value. Of course, there are a few exceptions, especially for Morgan Dollars minted at Carson City, but most Morgan Dollars on the market today never circulated as regular coinage. The main reason for this is that the Mint produced hundreds of millions more Morgans during the 1800’s than were needed for circulation, so they sat in vaults.

Most Morgan Dollars Never Circulated

More than half a billion Morgan Dollars were minted between 1878 and 1904, and although nearly 3/4 of these were melted back down before being issued, the majority of the Morgans in the marketplace today didn’t even leave the Mint until 1960. You can learn more about the history of the Morgan Dollar, which makes a fascinating story.

The bottom line is that Morgan Dollars in Uncirculated grades are very, very common, so be aware of this when you go to buy Morgans.

Buy the Book Before You Buy the Coin

One thing that less-than-honest dealers might attempt to do is try to lead you to believe that just because the Morgan Dollar is 60 to 80 years old, the fact that it’s in Mint State makes it very valuable. The truth is that MS-63 specimens for about half the mint/date combinations sell for $35 to $70 each. Telemarketers are getting $350 to $700 for the same coins! Which is the better investment? Obviously, getting the Red Book and learning the true market values of Morgans is critical.

Invest in Only the Highest Grade Morgan Dollars

Because the Morgan Dollar series exists in generally higher grades than most other series, you should invest in only the highest grade specimens. If you can afford to buy Proof Morgans, you should, because those have performed very well over the last fifteen years. The next best investments are the very high grade, MS-65 or better. They are pricey compared to MS-60 to MS-63, but their incredible rarity in the age of encapsulation make them a good investment.

Remember to Consider the Source

Another very important thing to consider when investing in rare coins, including Morgan Dollars, is to consider the source of the grade. The price difference between MS-63 and MS-65 is significant, and not all dealers and grading services have the same grading standards. In fact, coins which are in slabs from PCGS and NGC are worth more than coins in slabs from certain minor grading services, because PCGS and NGC have consistent, exacting, and largely non-subjective standards for grading.

Store Your Morgan Dollars in a Vault You Control

Finally, once you’ve made the informed decision to invest in a given coin, always take delivery of your coins! Don’t fall for dealer assurances that your coins will be kept safe for you. If the dealer cannot produce the individual coin you’re buying, in a major grading company slab, find another dealer. If you don’t have a proper built-in, fireproof vault to store your investments in, put them in a safety deposit box. Always remember that Morgan Dollars can be your future, so don’t lose them.

By Allen Rowe

Counterfeit coins have been around almost as long as coins themselves. In the early years most coins were only worth as much as the metal they were made of, so fakes were relegated to copies made with inferior metal to the original.

Today coins are worth more than their metal value, so fakes are more lucrative to a counterfeiter.

Counterfeiters have several different ways of making fakes. They can alter the date or mint mark, splice two coins together, or just make the coin themselves. Coin grading companies have stopped a large part of these fakes, but now they are becoming targets themselves.

The reason for writing this article is that lately there has been a rash of counterfeits coming into the market. Most of these counterfeits are coming out of China and through popular online auction sites. I have just returned from the Florida United Numismatics convention in Orlando, one of the largest trade shows in the country, where I was privileged enough to look at some of the new counterfeits coming out of China.

For years the wave of fakes and forgeries has been growing and with it so are the techniques the counterfeiters are using.

At first much of what was being produced were fantasy pieces, coins that were never made with a particular date and mint mark combination. From there counterfeiters went into producing low level fakes. Wrong sized or non-precious metal planchets were dead giveaways for these pieces.

But soon the counterfeiters were using precious metals and spending extra time to make them the correct size and weight. Most of these pieces were easy for experts to detect as the die characteristics were all wrong for an authentic piece. These fooled many novices, but not many experts.

Today two new threats are reaching the market. First are die-struck counterfeits where high quality fakes are being produced from laser cut dies. It takes an expert to discern these fakes. Using knowledge of minute die characteristics is the only way to ferret out these counterfeits.

Secondly counterfeiters are now targeting the grading services themselves.

Recently a batch of counterfeited certified coins hit the market. Two genuine coins were used to make one fake coin, which was then housed in a counterfeit certified holder.

The example I saw was a 1904-S Morgan dollar in a fake PCGS MS64 holder, worth about $5000 if real. The coin was really a 1904-O dollar, a $30 dollar coin, with the back shaved off paired with a 1879-S dollar, a $35 coin, with the front shaved off. The two coins were then glued together and put in a fake PCGS holder. This would fool many collectors and lower level dealers.

If you are buying coins, especially if you are buying them through the internet, be very alert to these threats. Relying on experts in the industry will help you navigate through these potentially costly traps being laid out in this newest wave of counterfeits.

• Allen Rowe is the owner of Northern Nevada Coin in Carson City.

Historic Hoards Echo in Population Reports

By Paul M. Green, Numismatic News January 07, 2010

There have always been some mixed emotions when it comes to hoards. It’s probably natural if you are a collector or dealer to have a concern about hoards and the possibility that one might appear and cause a sharp decline in the price of a coin you own.

The classic instance of that happening occurred to collectors owning 1903-O Morgan dollars back in 1962. They thought that they had a $1,500 coin only to see it fall to $15 seemingly overnight as hundreds of thousands of examples were released by the Treasury.

It would be hard to convince them that hoards are good.

On the other side of the matter, there is the very real fact that a hoard can make a certain coin much more available and at a much more reasonable price than was previously the case. This allows many collectors who otherwise would never have owned something to be able to acquire it.

The discovery of roughly 5,400 examples of the 1857-S Coronet Head double eagle on the sunken wreck of the S.S. Central America made not only the date available, but it also made it possible for many to have a chance to have a Mint State Coronet Head double eagle and one that was produced from the early days of the San Francisco Mint.

Without that recovery of 5,400 examples of the 1857-S from their underwater resting place, the possibilities of owning a nice Mint State double eagle from San Francisco in the 1850s would definitely be reduced and that is just one of many examples.

The discovery, promotion and original sale of hoard coins is just one part of the story. That may be the most exciting part of the story, but after the hoard coins are dispersed, how well do they really hold up in terms of price? In fact, there may be no single answer for the simple reason that there are literally hundreds, if not thousands of hoard coins.

In many cases, we simply do not have a name and story to attach to the numbers of one issue or another that are known today. That is especially true in the case of gold where hundreds and in a few cases even thousands of Mint State coins returned to the United States from primarily European bank vaults in the past half century.

There was no accounting of the numbers, but when you check the numbers seen at grading services today there is absolutely no doubt that there were substantial numbers.

Even in the cases where we know of specific hoards and likely numbers involved, it is unfair to expect that each and every hoard coin will show similar price movements. After all, they are part of a set and a set of large cents is not likely to move in price at the same rate as double eagles or silver dollars or Jefferson nickels. Consequently, we cannot really expect uniform results. That said, there is still a certain question as to just how well hoard coins have done in recent years, not when compared with each other, but perhaps when compared to other non-hoard dates of the same type.

One of the most famous hoards of all was the Randall Hoard. If you have collected large cents for more than three hours you have probably heard of the Randall Hoard. The story may not be quite in tune with the reality, but the fact remains that sometime in the late 1860s in Georgia there was a discovery of a significant number of large cents allegedly in a keg. The precise dates were debated as were an assortment of issues and the story over the years has evolved slightly but we have very solid evidence that five dates were found in some numbers in Mint State in the Randall Hoard.

The two most heavily represented dates were the 1818 and the 1820, with lesser numbers of the 1816, 1817 and 1819. We can say that with some certainty as the numbers of Mint State examples of the dates found at the grading services showed the 1818 having been seen 296 times at the Professional Coin Grading Service and 288 times at Numismatic Guaranty Corp. in Mint State, while the 1820 was seen 267 times at PCGS and 391 times at NGC. In comparison, the lowest numbers for any of the five dates were posted by the 1819, which appeared 81 times at each service. In the case of a date with a similar mintage from the period the combined total at the grading services was basically under 50.

Clearly the 1818 and 1820 are available in significantly higher numbers. Back in 1998 in MS-60 the 1818 was priced at $250 while the 1820 was $275. Today, in the same grade, the 1818 is $270 and the 1820 is at $300. It would appear that the dates are not doing well except for the fact that the large cents of the period in general have moved very little. The 1816 for example was $420 in 1998 and still is $420. Other dates have increased and usually more than the 1818 and 1820, so while perhaps increasing in price at a below average pace, it would be hard to say that the Randall Hoard dates are very different from other dates of the type.

The 1857-S double eagle found in such large numbers on the S.S. Central America, which sank in 1857 off the North Carolina coast, certainly has to be seen as an extreme test in terms of double eagles. It is not simply a case where the numbers are large, but it is also a case where the S.S. Central America is a relatively recent hoard.

The market has had very little time to really absorb what was over $100 million in sales. It is probably too early to expect the 1857-S, which was basically an available date in circulated grades but not a readily available date in Mint State, to show any signs of price increases. In fact, with very serious doubts that there are even 5,400 collectors of Mint State Coronet Head double eagles to absorb the supply, it would not be at all out of the question to expect the 1857-S to show some potentially serious price declines.

If you check the prices for the 1857-S back in 1998 in MS-60 it listed for $2,600 while an MS-63 was $10,000 with no price listed in higher grades. Today in MS-60 the 1857-S is at $4,500 while an MS-65 is at $7,250. It’s a very interesting situation and a somewhat volatile one as prices are all over the board depending on the price guide. The consensus, however, is that in MS-60 the 1857-S seems to have increased in price perhaps as publicity over the sale of the S.S. Central America coins encouraged some to want to acquire a lower cost example of a famous date.

The price decline in MS-63 may well be a case of this grade was actually hurt because there were suddenly significant numbers of higher grade examples. It is definitely an opposite trend from other Coronet Head double eagle dates. The question for the next few years is likely to be not what happens to the MS-60 or MS-63 prices, but rather how does an MS-65 or MS-66 fare at their current levels.

Another recent double eagle was one involving Saint-Gaudens double eagles. Called the Wells Fargo Hoard, the hoard involved 19,900 examples of the 1908 no motto double eagle. The number was extraordinary and so was the quality of the coins. The breakdown given to Q. David Bowers for his book A Guide Book of Double Eagle Gold Coins by Ron Gillio, who purchased the hoard, had 6,000+ in MS-66 with 1,700+ in MS-67.

These high grades were not just wishful thinking by the person buying the hoard. The coins have gone through the major grading services with stunning results. At PCGS, 793 Wells Fargo hoard coins were called MS-67 compared to 38 that were not from the hoard.

At NGC the number of Wells Fargo MS-67 coins was 941 compared to 94 not from the hoard. There were similar numbers in other high grades. The impact of so many top quality examples of a single date almost had to have an impact.

The MS-65 listing of the no motto 1908 back in 1998 was $1,350 and today in MS-65 the price is $2,350. This is the cheapest of the “No Motto” type.

If MS-65 were the top grade available, then there would be considerable pressure on buyers to find and buy an MS-65. The Wells Fargo Hoard, however, has made MS-65 an average grade for this one date. Combined NGC and PCGS have graded over 6,400 Wells Fargo coins as MS-66 and 1,700 more as MS-67. Under the circumstances, buyers will seek those upper grades and not the MS-65 so there are more than just numbers potentially working against the MS-65 price of the “No Motto” 1908.

A dramatically different situation involving gold coins would be the gold dollars of 1879, 1880 and 1881. The three were low mintage, with the 1879 having a mintage of 3,030 while the 1880 was just 1,636 and the 1881 was 7,707. The three should have all been tough dates, but back at the time they were released someone saved examples. In fact. they saved hundreds of each.

We can see evidence in hundreds of each in Mint State reported by both PCGS and NGC. The hoards of the three were not all that well known, although it is a case where relatively few study and collect gold dollars. While we do not know the details of the hoard, we know that hundreds of each of the three dates are known and the MS-60 price of the three back in 1998 saw the 1879 at $700 while the 1880 and 1881 were each at $400. Today in MS-60 the 1879 is $525, the 1880 is $425 and the 1881 is $410.

There is simply no good way to make sense of that change. Ironically, the 1879 which declined the most in price is the least often seen of the three in highest grades, while the 1881 which actually increased in price in the highest Mint State grades has been graded more often than either of the other dates. There is no good way of explaining the changes, but every so often strange things happen in the market and this would have to qualify as one of those times.

If there is such a thing as a blue chip hoard coin, it is ironically a pattern as the 1856 Flying Eagle cent could not have been a coin even though it circulated simply because the law authorizing the Flying Eagle cent was passed in 1857. Over the years, few coins have been hoarded like the 1856, which seemed to always inspire speculation or at minimum a hoarding instinct.

George Rice of Detroit probably won the prize for the largest hoard of the 1856 with his accumulation numbered 756 pieces while close behind was John Andrew Beck of Pittsburgh, whose total included some from the Rice collection, reached 531.

In the case of the 1856 the numbers are small, but the percentage of the total mintage is large. Produced both in proof and also with a small number of business strikes there is no certainty regarding the 1856 mintage although perhaps 1,500 to 2,500 pieces would be a good range. Back in 1998 the 1856 was at $4,000 in G-4 and today that price is $6,250. In MS-65, the 1998 price was $21,000 and today that price is $65,000. Clearly as hoard coins go, the 1856 Flying Eagle cent continues to defy the other patterns by surging strongly to higher prices and in all grades.

There was a great deal of hoarding during the Civil War and some of that even reached down to copper-nickel cents. As a result, small groups of the copper-nickel cent dates have been reported over the years. The largest was discussed by Q. David Bowers in his book American Coin Treasures and Hoards” The group of probably 1,000 Mint State specimens of the 1862 was offered in a Thomas Elder auction in 1918. The group was significant based on the fact that PCGS has seen about 675 Mint State examples of the 1862 while NGC is at roughly 850. The 1998 prices for the 1862 in Mint State were $80 for an MS-60 and $575 for an MS-65. Today those listings are the same for an MS-60 but $1,050 for an MS-65. For a hoard coin that is not heavily publicized, that’s a strong MS-65 increase, although in reality it reflects a general increase in copper-nickel Indian cents prices in MS-65 as all dates have done basically the same thing in terms of price.

One of the more interesting dates that was heavily hoarded was the 1883 without “CENTS” Liberty Head nickel. No particular hoard can be discussed although groups of 100 or more were known. The 1883 without “CENTS” was simply hoarded by many as a new design. It was an unusual time for hoarding, but people then also hoarded the last couple years of the Shield nickel series. We see the proof in the fact that there are thousands of Mint State 1883 without “CENTS” nickels reported at the grading services and that produced 1998 prices of $32 in MS-60 and $300 in MS-65. Today those prices are $25 in MS-60 and $260 in MS-65, so clearly the extremely large numbers reported by the grading services are keeping the price down.

In his book, Bowers reports on the mysterious appearance on the market of hundreds of Mint State 1877-CC quarters in Mint State. It was an odd situation as traditionally there was very little saving of new coins at Carson City and even if there had been, the 1877-CC quarter with a mintage of nearly 4.2 million would have been an odd choice. That said, the observation of Bowers is supported by grading service totals, which show hundreds of examples of the 1877-CC in Mint State.

Since 1998, the 1877-CC which was at $375 in MS-60 has dropped to $325. Interestingly enough, that is still a premium over the most available Mint State Seated Liberty quarter dates of the type. Realistically the 1877-CC is one of those most available dates, but it happens to have a “CC” mintmark, which may be the only thing stopping it from further declines.

There is no doubt there have been a few Lincoln cents that were hoarded. It was reported that John Zug had some 25,000 examples of the 1909-S VDB, although that hoard was allegedly broken up before 1920. There were at least 10 or more rolls that hit the market in the 1950s, but the demand for the 1909-S VDB is so great that such numbers were drops in the bucket when it came to meeting demand.

Since 1998 the 1909-S VDB has gone from $720 in MS-60 and $1,800 in MS-65 to a current $1,825 in MS-60 and $6,850 in MS-65, proving that with enough demand no hoard can keep prices from rising. The situation with the Philadelphia 1909 VDB is slightly different. Its total numbers hoarded were much, much larger. There is solid demand for the 1909 VDB, also. Its 1998 prices of $9 in MS-60 and $39 in MS-65, respectively, have risen to $25 in MS-60 and $195 in MS-65.

A final Lincoln cent worth noting is the 1931-S. With a mintage below 1 million we know the 1931-S was hoarded. We can dispute the numbers hoarded with a Walter Breen claim that the Maurice Scharlack hoard had 200,000 pieces, which would have been about 25 percent of the entire mintage, but there is no doubt the 1931-S was heavily hoarded in Mint State and upper circulated grades. Since 1998 in Mint State the 1931-S has moved from $53 in MS-60 and $215 in MS-65 to a current $163 in MS-60 and $685 in MS-65.

Probably the most famous hoard coin of all time would be the 1950-D Jefferson nickel. We frankly do not know what percentage of its 2,630,030 mintage was hoarded initially, but somewhere on the order of 50 percent or more would be in the ballpark. A.J. Mitula of Houston, Texas, reportedly had 1 million pieces while another 320,000 were reported in Wisconsin and there were others with larger numbers involved.

The 1950-D soared in price during the 1950s and 1960s probably in part because all were tied up in hoards. Then it simply went into a coma, not moving for decades. In 1998 the 1950-D was $6.50 in MS-60 and $9.50 in MS-65. Today it sits at $18 in MS-60 and $30 in MS-65.

It is certainly a mixed bag when it comes to prices of hoard coins. Greater numbers should hold prices down, but a good story or heavy demand for the whole series can still lift prices higher.

CC Morgan Dollars

By thenevadamint

Morgan Coins & CC Morgans Investments

Morgan coins, morgan silver dollars, and cc morgans, despite all odds, have become a very popular and very solid investment you may want to consider – appreciating an average of 7 to 15% annual appreciation rate or more!

Morgan Coins – a Quick History

The first cc morgan coin was minted in Carson City in 1878 following the passage of the Bland-Alison Act requiring the US Treasury buy million of ounces of silver per month due to the mass amounts of silver coming out of the great Comstock Lode. Of course the Treasure had to so something with all this silver so it went on to strike over a half billion morgan coins, cc morgans, liberty heads and morgan silver dollars between 1878 and 1904 – with a last run in 1921.

Making $$$ with Morgan Coins & CC Morgans

When the cc morgan silver dollar first came out it was nick-named the “Buzzard Dollar” because the eagle looked grainy and it wasn’t very popular. So over the years millions upon millions of cc morgans were melted down – leaving limited quanities – and making for the perfect coin investment opportunity.

One coin analyst predicts the cc morgan silver dollars poised to increase the most in value in the next few years are the 1895 cc morgan, 1892-cc morgan, 1894 morgan coin, 1878-CC, and the 1883-CC. And if history is any indication, you can expect these rare cc morgan coins (especially the very popular carson city coins) to appreciate an average of 7 to 15% per year or more!

These five morgan coins have demonstrated over the years the strongest gains over a long period of time. And it is for this reason that you can expect these same coins to show a similar increase in value in the future IF you invest in MS-65 uncirculated quality or better.

Invest Only in High Grade CC Morgan Coins

Invest only what you can afford, but make it a point to only invest in the highest grade cc coins specimens. If you can afford to buy proof morgans, you should, because those have performed exceptionally well over the last fifteen years. The next best investments are the very high uncirculated MS-65 or better. Of course these high grade morgan dollars are pricey compared to MS-60 to MS-63, but their rarity virtually guarantees to make them a very good, high ROI investment.

Buy CC Morgans from a Reputable Source

Before you rush off to invest your hard-earned money in a MS-65 cc morgan, keep in mind not all dealers use the same grading standards and it is very much a “buy beware” situation. Only purchase cc coins that have been graded by a top-tier grading and that come in a top-tier grading service holder. Avoid all third-tier services like the plague.

• Top Tier – PCGS and NGC
• Second Tier – ANACS and ICG
• Third Tier – All others, including ACG, INB, NTC, PCI, SEGS, SGS, etc.

Bottom line: Morgan coins and cc coins which are in PCGS and NGC slabs or holder are worth much more than coins in slabs from any of the other minor grading services, because PCGS and NGC have consistent, exacting, and largely non-subjective standards for grading.

Buy CC Morgan Coins on eBay

So what are you waiting for? Venture on over to eBay and find yourself a cc morgan silver dollar treasure today because we’re talking money in the bank!

Seeing Genuine Coin Helps to Catch Fakes

By F. Michael Fazzari, Numismatic News January 04, 2010

There have been several letters published in this newspaper offering suggestions for articles. I read the letters too and one sure way to success is to give readers topics they want.

Let me answer one of the issues dealing with counterfeit coins that all authenticators have faced in their professional career: How much information to divulge to the public about specific counterfeit coins.

I became a coin authenticator in 1972. Looking back, the fakes of that time were crude compared with some of those we see today. Armed with the knowledge we possess today, nothing back then would have been deceptive; however, authentication was also in its infancy. Forty years ago, fakes were detected by measuring their weight, diameter, fineness and style. The general use of stereo microscopes for coin authentication had not caught on even though this tool, coupled with fluorescent light, was regularly used at the U.S. Mint Lab to examine coins.

When the American Numismatic Association established their Authentication Service in Washington, D.C., a stereo microscope was on the list of necessary equipment. In a relatively short time, we realized how great an authentication tool it was. Coins looked different under high power. It became obvious; why try to authenticate a coin with the naked eye or using one eye and a 10x hand lens when you could examine the fabric of its surface closely with two eyes at up to 80x?

The counterfeits of the day “fell apart” under that close scrutiny. The ANA launched a new era of counterfeit detection. We faced a dilemma each time we discovered a new fake coin at the ANA Certification Service. Some wanted to keep all diagnostics of the new fakes private so as not to help the counterfeiters. The biggest proponent of this view wrote an entertaining column featuring fake coins; yet he rarely gave readers a clue about how to detect them.

At first, I agreed with this approach; but more liberal minds, plus the need to educate dealers and collectors convinced me that the best approach was to divulge just enough diagnostic information to help collectors even though the fakers benefited too. We knew that publishing diagnostic information would definitely make our job harder as it would help the counterfeiters improved their product.

The validity of our concern was quick to come. In the ANA counterfeit detection course at the 1974 Summer Seminar, we showed slides of a newly discovered $10 Indian counterfeit and not two months later we saw the exact same fakes at the Certification Service, but missing the diagnostic markers we had revealed to the class! Today, some counterfeits are so deceptive that I should hesitate to release any diagnostics in print but then my columns would become virtually worthless.

Enough background, let me address each reader who wishes they could open a book and look up the diagnostics for a specific counterfeit coin. It has been done before and it was only useful over a short period of time. Many of the fakes had the same dies. Soon, the book became obsolete as technology changed, the fakes improved, and we became more experienced authenticators. Remember, I’ve experienced first hand that the stereo- microscope allowed us to quickly surpass all the reference books available to us in the 1970s.

Let me suggest a better approach based on my experiences. In 1972, the Certification Service blindly followed the spurious opinion of a respected numismatic authority concerning the authentication of a foreign coin. When we learned of our error, I voiced what should have been plainly obvious at the time: “The most important requirement for coin authentication is to know what a genuine specimen looks like. That is why a book or collection of columns showing the defects of a specific counterfeit coin is less important than your own study of the characteristics found on genuine coins while using a stereo microscope. With study, you may not know for sure if a specimen is counterfeit; but you will be positive that it looks different than any genuine coin you have seen.

With that for you to think about, here is this month’s fake. Micrographs 1 shows a genuine Cuban 1915 5-peso gold coin. The piece shown in Figure 2 is a counterfeit. Both coins are virtually uncirculated. The counterfeit is a tenth of a gram light and its edge reeding does not match that of the genuine coin. Neither of these characteristics is alarming by itself. In fact, the different edge reeding became apparent only after I obtained a genuine comparison coin.

Now, let’s compare the micrographs. The digits on the counterfeit look fine until we compare them to those on the genuine coin. The genuine coin also shows radial metal flow near the edge and between the letters. Note that the shape of the denticals is different on the fake. In the shield design, there are many subtle design differences between the two coins. The key, sun, and scene are different and the horizontal lines on the fake are crude. The color of the gold is correct so the composition of the fake is good. Thus, anyone not familiar with the appearance of a genuine specimen could easily overlook this fake. If you fall into this group, it is best to purchase coins certified by a major grading service.

Plenty S-Mint Morgans Remain Affordable

By Tom LaMarre, Coins Magazine

December 22, 2009

The Bland-Allison Act of 1878 gave a big boost to the San Francisco Mint. The law revived the standard silver dollar and required huge annual mintages. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 and the Pittman Act of 1921 picked up where the Bland-Allison Act left off.

As a result, San Francisco’s silver dollar production topped the Philadelphia Mint’s in some years. Many dates are still expensive today.

The San Francisco Mint turned out#mce_temp_url#, the first year of the Morgan design. An About Uncirculated-50 1878-S is valued at less than $40.

By 1880, 18 million silver dollars were stored in the San Francisco Mint. One proposal called for them to be shipped to the East, at an estimated cost of $20,000 for every 2 million coins.

But the Philadelphia Mint had its own stockpile of dollars, and the Treasury vaults were at the bursting point.

The 1880-S dollar had a mintage of nearly 9 million. A Mint State-60 example is valued at $36, according to Coin Prices.

Another common date is the 1881-S, which is usually found well struck. Coin Prices lists it at less than $20 in About Uncirculated-50.

Heavy demand for silver dollars was reported in December 1891. Most of the Christmas coins were probably spent, but enough of them have survived that an MS-60 1891-S dollar can be purchased for less than $60.

Counterfeit silver dollars were found circulating in San Francisco in 1897. In most circulated grades, a genuine 1897-S dollar is valued at less than $20.

In 1898, Treasury officials made an arrangement with J. & W. Seligman & Co., which controlled the Anglo-California Bank of San Francisco. The bank received consignments of silver from Mexico, Central and South America and British Columbia at the rate of 10 million ounces a year.

The bank agreed to turn the silver over to the San Francisco Mint in exchange for a certificate of deposit. The bullion was then used to strike silver dollars.

Some of those 1898-S dollars may have been among the coins stolen by the San Francisco city treasurer in 1898, causing a scandal.

By the end of the year, the San Francisco Mint had struck more than 4 million silver dollars. High grade survivors are scarce, but you should be able to find a Fine-12 1898-S for around $25.

The San Francisco Mint’s greatest Morgan dollar year came in 1921, when it turned out more than 21 million. They were the first San Francisco dollars since 1904.

“The first of the resumed coinage of silver dollars, dated 1921, were released from the San Francisco Mint on May 9, on instructions from Washington to supply requests for small quantities,” Farran Zerbe wrote from San Francisco in a letter dated May 10, 1921. “Distribution was limited to not more than 100 in one lot.”

“Silver dollars, seldom seen in most parts of the country, continue in common circulation in San Francisco,” Zerbe added. “It is presumed a large release of the new dollars would drive the old ones from circulation.

“The new dollars are particularly to take the place of those melted to assist our allies in the war and therefore restore silver certificates to circulation.”

More than 21 million 1921-S dollars were struck.

An AU-50 example sells for around $20.

Hayward man for allegedly passing counterfeit coins

By By Peter Hegarty Staff Writer

Publication: Contra Costa Times (California)

Date: Thursday, October 15 2009

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The scam seems discovery-proof and puts coin dealers on edge.

Here’s how it works: Take a valuable coin, cut it along the edge so that it’s split front and back, then attach one of the pieces to another cut from a different coin.

The idea is to mix mint and year marks to create coins

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that appear more valuable.

It worked at least once for suspect Roberto Blas Rodriguez, 32, police said, netting him $75,000 from an Alameda coin dealer during a single transaction.

Patrol officers arrested Rodriguez Oct. 7 after he returned to The Silver Baron on Park Street to allegedly sell more of the vintage Morgan silver dollars.

The Hayward resident was booked on suspicion of burglary and violating trademark law. He is currently free on $45,000 bail.

“We are not sure where the coins were doctored,” Alameda police detective Lorenzo Graham said. “It could have been in China. But it also could have been somewhere in the United States.”

The investigation that culminated with the arrest of Rodriguez began last month, when the U.S. Secret Service contacted Alameda police to get background on a residential burglary that took place last year.

Coins stolen during that burglary ended up at a Fremont jewelry store, which offered them for sale online.

The actual owner of the coins, however, discovered the sale while surfing the Internet and notified authorities.

While jewelry store employees did not face charges they thought they had acquired the coins legitimately Fremont investigators arrested two men on suspicion of fencing the items at the business.

One of them was a family member of Rodriguez, Graham said.

Along with seeking background on the burglary, the secret service tipped off Alameda police that someone may be passing altered coins at local businesses, Graham said.

“The coins that I purchased appeared to be very high grade,” said Larry Bovo, owner of the Silver Baron.

The Morgan dollars were encased individually in sealed plastic “capsules” with a notice from Professional Coin Grading Service, an organization that authenticates and grades rare and valuable coins.

Investigators suspect the grading numbers sealed inside the containers were also fake.

Morgan silver dollars were minted from 1878 to 1904, as well as in 1921, and each can now sometimes sell for thousands of dollars.

“They were in capsules that appeared to be genuine and from the P.C.G.S, the top grading service in the country,” Bovo said about the coins he purchased Oct. 1.

Bovo contacted police when he became suspicious of the items, Graham said.

Police arrested Rodriguez after he returned to the store to allegedly sell more coins.

Steve Suzio, an owner of the Oakland Coin & Jewelry Exchange on Broadway, said he knew about the altered coin scam.

“There’s been reports about it,” Suzio said. “It seems that they’re also manufacturing the plastic cases for the coins and then taking them on the open market. It’s something dealers need to be aware of when someone offers to sell them what appear to be valuable coins.”

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In 1873, the then-current American dollar coin was legislated out of existence. No one seemed to mourn its passing.

When a new silver dollar arrived on the scene in 1878, no one seemed to welcome its return. There simply was not much clamoring among the American public for a heavy, nearly palm-sized dollar coin. But the Morgan Dollar was never a people’s coin.

The impetus for the Morgan Dollar came from America’s richest silver strike, the great Comstock lode in northern Nevada. The vein of silver was so thick and so rich that a million dollars of silver a week was coming from the Comstock mines. There had to be a market for this river of silver or the bustling Nevada economy would collapse. The Federal government was the obvious customer for all this silver and lobbyists successfully shepherded the new silver dollar into existence with the passage of the Bland-Allsion Act in 1878. Passed over the veto of President Rutherford B. Hayes, Bland-Allison required the United States Treasury to purchase between $2 and $4 million worth of silver bullion per month and coin it into silver dollars.

The new silver dollar was designed by George T. Morgan. The 31-year old Morgan was brought from his native England to serve as “Special Engraver” for the director of the Philadelphia Mint, Henry R. Linderman, in 1876. Ordinarily, coin design was left to the Chief Engraver, then William Barber. A sham competition between the two men was staged and, as the protege of the Director of the Mint, Morgan’s design was chosen. On the front of the coin Morgan created a head of Lady Liberty, based on his Philadelphia schoolteacher-model Anna Willess Williams, and graced the back with a rather underfed eagle.

Ironically, Linderman left the Mint later that year to look after his failing health, Barber’s son Charles succeeded him to Chief Engraver and Morgan was demoted to Assistant Engraver. He would remain in that position, his career stalled, for over 40 years. When he finally ascended to Chief Engraver of the United States Mint, George T. Morgan was over 70 years old. The Morgan Dollar was the only American coin he ever designed.

The first Morgan Dollars were struck on March 11, 1878, less than two weeks after the coin was authorized by Congress, at 3:17 in the afternoon on Press #4 in Philadelphia. It is currently is on display at the Hayes Library and Museaum in Fremont, Ohio. It had a metallic content of 90% silver and 10% copper. While most of the Morgan Dollars were minted in Philadelphia, a small mint was established in Carson City, Nevada to also press the coins near the source of the Comstock lode. The mine, however, played out shortly thereafter and the Carson City mint closed forever in 1893. The Morgan Dollars minted in Carson City are rare and highly collectible today.

More than 500 million Morgan Dollars were minted until production stopped in 1904, after the statutary 25-year run for a coin design. The silver dollars were never really popular – most were circulated in the sparsely populated West – and huge stockpiles were on hand. In 1918, more than 270 million Morgan Dollars were melted down to provide war-time silver for Great Britain. In 1921 another 86 million Morgan Dollars were coined but production was halted in 1922 for the commemorative Peace Dollar to mark the end of World War I. The design was so popular it became the regular silver dollar and no more Morgan Dollars were ver minted.

In death, as in life, the Morgan Dollar was ignored by the public. The silver dollar was not a collector favorite, either, as the smaller denominations were easier to afford. Millions more were melted down for their silver content, especially when silver prices rose. Finally, in 1972, the General Services Administration auctioned off a lot of 2.9 million scarce Carson City Morgan Dollars it had squirrelled in its vaults. Suddenly the Morgan Dollar was hot among collectors.

And then LaVere Redfield died. Redfield was a stock and real estate investor who made millions in Reno, Nevada. Redfield distrusted paper money and didn’t have much confidence in banks, either. When possible, he tried to convert his cash into “hard money.” He set his eye on the Morgan Dollar with its 90% silver content. Silver dollars were readily available at banks throughout the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s and Redfield bought them whenever he could. As he bought them, he put the silver dollars in bags and stored them in his basement. He was not a coin collector and didn’t take much notice of the bags as he piled them under his house. He would eventually wind up with 400 bags filled with about 1,000 silver dollars each.

Redfield died in 1974 and while doing an appraisal of his estate, the Internal Revenue Service uncovered the stash of silver dollar-stuffed bags. The story goes that Redfield placed a note of the treasure asking the discover not to alert the IRS of the hoard. The total of 411,000 silver dollars – weighing 11 tons – were put for auction and fetched $7.3 million, the largest documented numismatic transaction in history.

Now the Morgan Dollar had genuine star status in the coin world. The dealers who purchased the Redfield hoard gradually dispersed the silver dollars into the collecting community, further stimulating interest in the coin. Today, the Morgan Dollar, ignored in circulation, is one of the most famous and desired American coins in existence.

Reward in Montville coin theft grows to nearly $160K

By JIM NAMIOTKA • STAFF WRITER • October 17, 2009

MONTVILLE — Reward money is rolling in from across the U.S. in the case of a valuable cache of rare coins that was stolen from a coin dealer’s car while it was parked at a Pine Brook restaurant last weekend.

The reward has grown to nearly $160,000, due largely to the contributions of coin dealers and collectors who want to see the thieves brought to justice.

Meanwhile, a private coin theft investigator assisting with the case says evidence appears to indicate that Julian Leidman – the Silver Spring, Md., coin dealer whose car was burglarized at Tiffany’s on Route 46 – was targeted by professionals.

“It’s more than likely he was targeted and followed to the location,’ said Doug Davis, a former Texas police chief who runs the non-profit Numismatic Crime Information Center, which has offered its expertise in coin-related crimes to Montville detectives.

Montville police were unable to be reached Friday.

Leidman was driving home from a coin show in Stamford, Conn., on Sunday when he stopped off in Montville to have dinner with his brother-in-law. When he left the restaurant, he found a passenger-side window on his 2009 Toyota Sienna smashed and four bags — three of which were heavier than 50 pounds — missing from the cargo hold.

Inside the bags were more than 1,000 rare and collectible coins, estimated to be worth in the millions of dollars, Leidman said.

The inventory included individual pieces valued as high as $160,000, as well as many extremely rare and unusual coins and currency dating to the Colonial era, he said.

Leidman said Friday he was overwhelmed by the generosity of his colleagues in the Professional Numismatic Guild, a trade group for coin dealers that has organized the reward fund.

“I’m truly speechless,” he said.

Donations are coming from other dealers and collectors who want to solve a crime that struck their tight community, as well as lend a hand to Leidman, the current Coin Dealer of the Year who is respected by both dealers and collectors, a PNG spokeswoman said.

“There are a growing number of crimes against numismatists,” she said. “People want to crack down on that.’

Leidman said the stolen coins included not only his personal collection, but also items that belong to collectors for whom he is working. Leidman said his insurers have denied his claim for reimbursement because he was not in the car when the coins were stolen.